Case Study 11: tranquilizer Chair by Benjamin Rush

"The most complete restraint of a patient's every move ever devised. 2. A board attached to the back of the chair which is made to rise and fall according to the height of the patient. To the end of the board is attached: 3. A wooden box lined with stuffed linen in which the patient's head is held immobile so it cannot move backward or forward, nor incline to either side. 4 and 5. Chest and belly bands, made of flat pieces of strong leather, which confine and limit the body's movement in the chair. 6. Strong leather bands which confine the arms and hands of the patient to the arms of the chair, thereby limiting their movement. 7. Pieces of wood which protrude slightly from the chair to which the patient's feet are confined, so as to prevent their moving in any direction. 8. A stool-pan (half-filled with water) attached so as to be drawn out from behind the chair and emptied and replaced, without removing or disturbing the patient. The chair is fastened to the floor so as to remain stationary. (Three Hundred Years of Psychiatry 1535-1860)"

http://www.mentalhealthstigma.com/insanecures.html